Alternativas de reconstrucción mamaria inmediata

La mastectomía total por cáncer de mama produce una deformidad importante en las pacientes, con alteraciones severas de su autoestima, imagen corporal, sexualidad, y calidad de vida en general. El gold estándar en los países desarrollados es la reconstrucción mamaria inmediata y, actualmente existen pocas contraindicaciones absolutas para realizar alguna técnica de reconstrucción. Este artículo se describen las opciones reconstructivas (colgajos e implantes), tiempos de reconstrucción, ventajas y desventajas de ambas técnicas, potenciales complicaciones, y se propone un algoritmo de tratamiento. La elección de la técnica de reconstrucción debería ser decidida entre la paciente y su cirujano/a, considerando características físicas, factores relacionados con la enfermedad y tratamiento oncológico, y preferencias de las pacientes.

Total mastectomy for breast cancer treatment can be a cause of deformity and distress for patients, with severe impairment of self-esteem, body image, sexuality, and quality of life. In developing countries, immediate breast reconstruction is the gold standard, and there are only a few absolut contraindications for some technique of breast reconstruction. This article describes reconstructive options (flaps and allo-plastic material), reconstructive timing, pros and cons of both techniques, potential complications, and an algorithm of treatment is proposed. Choice of the reconstructive technique should be decided by the patient and her surgeon, considering physical characteristics, factors related with the disease and oncologic treatments, and patients' preferences.

What Makes a Beautiful Buttock Beautiful? A Case-Control Study Comparing Buttocks Models versus Normal Women by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Photography and Anthropometry.

OBJECTIVES: To describe characteristics of women with aesthetically ideal buttocks and differentiate them from women with normal buttocks. METHODS: Case-control study comparing anatomy of women with ideal buttocks (buttocks models) to women with normal buttocks using magnetic resonance images, anthropometric measurements and photography. RESULTS: Comparing to normal women, buttocks models have a narrower waist, narrower iliac crest, wider C point, wider hips and bigger and thicker gluteus maximus muscle (GMM). A bigger GMM adds more projection to the C point, point of maximum projection in the lateral view is 2.7 cm higher than the pubic bone. The amount of subcutaneous fat was equal in models and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides new knowledge regarding the tridimensional aspects of the beauty of the buttocks area. A beautiful buttock is a conjunction of adequate bony shape, muscle development, subcutaneous fat layer, and tight skin. Comparing to normal women, buttocks models have a narrower waist, narrower iliac crest, wider C point, wider hips and bigger and thicker Gluteus Maximus Muscle. Accurate understanding of the aesthetic goals in a given patient can guide surgical technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Una aproximación a la tuberculosis resistente a isoniazida: ¿un problema subestimado en Colombia? / An appraisal of the isoniazid resistant tuberculosis in Colombia: a underestimated problem in Colombia?

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y desenlaces al tratamiento de los pacientes con tuberculosis resistente a isoniazida (Hr-TB) en una institución del suroccidente colombiano. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con confirmación diagnóstica, aislamiento microbiológico, pruebas de susceptibilidad a fármacos y evidencia de Hr-TB. Resultados: Se incluyeron 32 pacientes con Hr-TB entre 2006-2018 que corresponden al 6% (32/528) de resistencia del total de casos. El 78% (n=25) fueron casos nuevos, resistencia primaria, y el 22% (n=7) previamente tratados, resistencia adquirida. La comorbilidad más frecuente fue infección por VIH (n=9). El patrón de Hr-TB mostró en 23 (72%) casos con alto nivel, 4 (12%) de bajo nivel y 5 (16%) con bajo y alto nivel. El análisis de resultados al tratamiento se realizó a 22 pacientes, presentando el 50% cura, el 41% tratamiento completo y 9% muerte relacionada con la tuberculosis. Conclusiones: La Hr-TB predomina en los casos nuevos, lo que supone un obstáculo al tratamiento donde no se realizan las pruebas de susceptibilidad de forma rutinaria.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes to the treatment of patients with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis (Hr-TB) in an institution in southwest Colombia. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. Patients with diagnostic confirmation, microbiological isolation, drug susceptibility tests, and evidence of Hr-TB were included. Results: Thirty-two patients with Hr-TB were included between 2006-2018, corresponding to 6% (32/528) of resistance in total cases. 78% were new cases, primary resistance, and 22% previously treated, acquired resistance. The most frequent comorbidity was HIV infection (n = 9). The pattern of Hr-TB showed in 23 (72%) cases with high level, 4 (12%) of low level and 5 (16%) with low and high level. The analysis of treatment results was performed on 22 patients, presenting 50% cure, 41% completed treatment, and 9% death related to tuberculosis. Conclusions: Hr-TB predominates in new cases, which is an obstacle to treatment where susceptibility tests are not performed routinely.

[Acute compartment syndrome as a complication of cutaneous loxoscelism mainly edematous]. / Síndrome compartimental agudo como complicación de un loxoscelismo cutáneo edematoso.

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is the increase of pressure in a closed osteofascial space. This reduces capillary perfusion below the level necessary for tissue viability. Injury could be irreversible if proper treatment is not performed. Hand ACS secondary to cutaneous loxoscelism with edematous predominance is extremely infrequent. We present a clinical case of a 22-year-old patient who started a hand compartment syndrome secondary to cutaneous loxoscelism (CL), requiring emergency surgical treatment with dorsal and palmar fasciotomy.

Síndrome compartimental agudo como complicación de un loxoscelismo cutáneo edematoso / Acute compartment syndrome as a complication of cutaneous loxoscelism mainly edematous

Resumen El síndrome compartimental agudo (SCA) es el aumento de la presión en un espacio osteofascial cerrado. Esto reduce la presión capilar bajo el nivel necesario para la viabilidad de los tejidos del compartimento. El SCA de mano como complicación de un loxoscelismo cutáneo (LC) de predominio edematoso es muy poco frecuente. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 22 años que presentó un SCA de la mano secundario a un LC y que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia mediante una fasciotomía dorsal y palmar.

Abstract Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is the increase of pressure in a closed osteofascial space. This reduces capillary perfusion below the level necessary for tissue viability. Injury could be irreversible if proper treatment is not performed. Hand ACS secondary to cutaneous loxoscelism with edematous predominance is extremely infrequent. We present a clinical case of a 22-year-old patient who started a hand compartment syndrome secondary to cutaneous loxoscelism (CL), requiring emergency surgical treatment with dorsal and palmar fasciotomy.

High-Definition Liposculpture: What are the Complications and How to Manage Them?

BACKGROUND: High-definition liposculpture is a novel surgical technique widely accepted among plastic surgeons. The aim of this article is to describe surgical outcomes with a special emphasis on complications in high-definition liposculpture patients. METHODS: An historical cohort of patients who underwent high-definition liposculpture from two senior surgeons was reviewed. Technique, patient selection criteria, preoperative marks and surgical outcomes are described. Postoperative complications are discussed. RESULTS: A total of 417 patients underwent high-definition liposculpture between 2015 and 2018. Primary liposuction and secondary liposuction were performed in 308 (74%) and 109 (26%), respectively. Combined surgeries were performed in 121 cases (29%). There were no systemic complications. Local complications included hyperpigmentation (n = 276), seroma (n = 125), nodular fibrosis (n = 83), unsatisfactory definition in superficial liposuction areas (n = 16), unnatural appearance of body contour (n = 17), VASER-related burns (n = 3) and Mondor's syndrome (n = 2). Most patients (94%) were satisfied with the results. CONCLUSION: High-definition liposculpture is a body contouring technique that has shown excellent results. Despite non-serious complications were frequent, most complications were local and safely treated without affecting surgical outcome. To know these complications will help to recognize them earlier and to adjust patient expectation about the postoperative period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Is Banning Texturized Implants to Prevent Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma a Rational Decision? A Meta-Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Study.

BACKGROUND: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an emergent disease that threatens patients with texturized breast implants. Major concerns about the safety of these implants are leading to global changes to restrict the utilization of this product. The principal alternative is to perform breast augmentation utilizing smooth implants, given the lack of association with BIA-ALCL. The implications and costs of this intervention are unknown. OBJECTIVES: The authors of this study determined the cost-effectiveness of smooth implants compared with texturized implants for breast augmentation surgery. METHODS: A tree decision model was utilized to analyze the cost-effectiveness. Model input parameters were derived from published sources. The capsular contracture (CC) rate was calculated from a meta-analysis. Effectiveness measures were life years, avoided BIA-ALCL, avoided deaths, and avoided reoperations. A sensitivity analysis was performed to test the robustness of the model. RESULTS: For avoided BIA-ALCL, the incremental cost was $18,562,003 for smooth implants over texturized implants. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was negative for life years, and avoided death and avoided reoperations were negative. The sensitivity analysis revealed that to avoid 1 case of BIA-ALCL, the utilization of smooth implants would be cost-effective for a risk of developing BIA-ALCL equal to or greater than 1:196, and there is a probability of CC with smooth implants equal to or less than 0.096. CONCLUSIONS: The utilization of smooth implants to prevent BIA-ALCL is not cost-effective. Banning texturized implants to prevent BIA-ALCL may involve additional consequences, which should be considered in light of higher CC rates and more reoperations associated with smooth implants than with texturized implants.

Winged Ribs: An Underestimated Problem That May Compromise Breast Augmentation Outcomes.

Chest wall shape is an important aspect to consider when planning a breast augmentation. Minor chest wall deformities are usually underestimated by the patient and surgeon and may compromise postoperative outcomes. Lower costal cartilage dysmorphia or winged rib is one of these minor underestimated chest wall deformities characterized by a visible and palpable cartilaginous prominence under the inframammary fold and causes discomfort in patients decreasing the satisfaction with the breast augmentation surgery. For these patients, the author utilized an innovative surgical technique that allows resection of the protruding cartilages and placement of breast implants through the same surgical incision. Six patients with winged ribs underwent breast augmentation and costal cartilage resection via this method and there were no intraoperative or early postoperative complications, and all patients were satisfied with the aesthetical result after 6 months of follow-up. The presented surgical technique has a short learning curve with excellent postoperative results. Cases are presented to demonstrate the improved postoperative chest wall contour combined with breast augmentation outcome.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Long-Term Quality-of-Life Outcomes After Body Contouring Surgery: Phase IV Results for the Body-QoL® Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Body contouring surgery (BCS) is becoming increasing popular for aesthetic and reconstructive purposes, particularly among patients with massive weight loss (MWL). However, data on quality of life (QoL) following the surgery are limited, especially long-term QoL. OBJECTIVES: The authors evaluated the effect of BCS on QoL and the durability of this effect over time. METHODS: QoL was measured with the Body-QoL® instrument at 3 time points among consecutively treated patients: the day before BCS, 1 to 9 months postoperatively (short term), and 1 to 2.7 years postoperatively (long term). Total Body-QoL scores were compiled, as were scores for the instrument's main domains: body satisfaction, sex life, self-esteem and social performance, and physical symptoms. Scores were examined for the entire study population and separately for the cosmetic and MWL cohorts. RESULTS: Fifty-seven of the 112 patients participated in the short-term assessment and 84 in the long-term assessment. Total Body-QoL scores increased significantly (P < 0.0001), from 44.0 ± 14.1 preoperatively to 85.5 ± 17.5 short-term postoperatively and to 84.4 ± 12.7 long-term postoperatively. Scores for the 2 postoperative assessments did not differ significantly. Similar results were observed for scores on each separate domain. Although preoperative scores were lower for the MWL cohort than the cosmetic cohort (33.9 ± 15.6 vs 46.1 ± 12.8; P = 0.0002), they improved substantially after BCS, approaching scores for the cosmetic cohort. CONCLUSIONS: QoL increases significantly after BCS. This favorable outcome remained stable throughout long-term follow-up and was true for the cosmetic and MWL cohorts.

Manejo quirúrgico de pacientes adultos con anomalías vasculares: serie de casos / Surgical management of adult patients with vascular anomalies: series of cases

Introducción: Las anomalías vasculares son un grupo heterogéneo de patologías, que considera tanto tumores como malformaciones vasculares. Son, habitualmente, de diagnostico y manejo durante la infancia, algunas lesiones persisten hasta la edad adulta. El tratamiento habitual considera terapias poco invasivas, siendo la alternativa resecctiva un opcion infrecuente. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es presentar el manejo quirúrgico de pacientes portadores de anomalías vasculares realizado por el equipo de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Material y Métodos: Serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con diagnóstico de anomalias vasculares, sometidos a manejo quirúrgico por el equipo de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Se incluyó todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de anomalías vasculares intervenidos entre los años 2010 ­ 2016. Se realizó una revisión del historial clínico de cada paciente elaborando un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Serie de 9 pacientes, 6 (66,6%) de sexo femenino, con edad promedio de 34,88 ±15,70 años. De los cuales 6 (66,67%) presentaron malformaciones vasculares y 2 (22,22%) tumores vasculares. Se observo compromiso de cabeza en 6 (66,67%) casos y 2 (22,22,%) genital. Se utilizo colgajos locales de avance en 6 (66,67%) y colgajos de transposición en 2 (22,22%) casos. Conclusiones: El manejo quirúrgico es una alternativa terapéutica segura que ofrece resultados buenos a las lesiones complejas. Y por tanto, creemos que es necesario un trabajo multidisciplinario entre pediatras, dermatólogos, radiólogos fisiatras, psicólogos y cirujanos plásticos para poder ofrecer mejores resultados a nuestros pacientes.

Introduction: Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of pathologies, which considers tumors and vascular malformations. Usually diagnosed and treated during childhood, some lesions persist into adulthood. The usual treatment considers non-invasive therapies, being the respective alternative an uncommon option. Objectives: Present the surgical management of adults patients with vascular anomalies performed by the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery team of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. Material and methods: Retrospective case series of patients with diagnosis of vascular anomalies submitted to surgical management by the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery team of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. All patients with diagnosis of vascular anomalies operated between the years 2010 - 2016 were included. A review of the clinical history of each patient was carried out and a descriptive analysis was done. Results: Series of 9 patients, 6 (66.6%) female, with a mean age of 34.88 ± 15.70 years. Of these, 6 (66.67%) had vascular malformations and 2 (22.22%) had vascular tumors. Head involvement was observed in 6 (66.67%) cases and 2 (22.22%) genital. Local flaps were used in 6 (66.67%) and transposition flaps in 2 (22.22%) cases. Conclusions: Surgical management is a safe therapeutic alternative that offers beneficial results to complex lesions. Therefore, we believe a multidisciplinary work between pediatricians, dermatologists, radiologists.

Manejo quirúrgico de pacientes con hidrosadenitis supurativa: experiencia del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile / Surgical management of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: experience of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile

Introducción: La hidrosadenitis supurativa es una enfermedad crónica de la piel en zonas que contienen glándulas apocrinas. Clásicamente se describe un manejo multimodal. La cirugía es una estrategia reconstructiva eficaz, frecuentemente postergada. No existen reportes sobre la experiencia a nivel nacional en el manejo de este grupo de pacientes. Objetivos: Exponer los resultados de manejo quirúrgico reconstructivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de hidrosadenitis supurativa por parte de un equipo de cirugía plástica de un hospital clínico. Material y Métodos: Serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con diagnóstico de hidrosadenitis supurativa con manejo quirúrgico. Se realizó una revisión del historial clínico de cada paciente y se elaborando un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Trece pacientes, 7 (53,8%) de sexo femenino, edad promedio de 30,5±5,9 años. Se realizó manejo quirúrgico de 17 lesiones, siendo las más frecuentes 9 (52,9%)Axilar y 5 (29,4%) Inguino-perianal. Se realizó drenaje­curaciones en 2 (11,8%) y resección-cobertura en 15 (88,2%), 14 (82,3%) con colgajos y 2 (11,8%) injertos. Discusión: El manejo quirúrgico es una alternativa terapéutica eficaz para el control de la hidrosadenitis supurativa, presentando buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales con bajas complicaciones.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic skin diseases of areas that contain apocrine glands. Classically a multimodal management is described. Surgery is an effective treatment, often postponed. Objectives: Present results of reconstructive surgical management of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa by a plastic surgery team of a clinical hospital. Material and methods: Retrospective case series of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa with surgical management. A review of the clinical history of each patient was carried out and a descriptive analysis was carried out. Results: 13 patients, 7 (53.8%) female, mean age of 30.5 ± 5.9 years. Surgical management of 17 lesions was performed, the most frequent lesions were 9 (52.9%) Axillary and 5 (29.4%) Inguino-perianal. Drainage were performed in 2 (11.8%) and resection-coverage in 15 (88.2%), 14 (82.3%) with flaps and 2 (11.8%) grafts. Discussion: Surgical management is an effective therapeutic alternative for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa, presenting good esthetic and functional results with low complications.

Resultados a largo plazo en calidad de vida en cirugía de contorno corporal: Fase IV en la cohorte Body-Qol® / Long-term outcomes in quality of life after body contouring surgery: Phase IV results in the Body-Qol® cohort

Introducción: La calidad de vida es uno de los resultados en cirugía de contorno corporal más importantes. La evidencia sobre la calidad de vida de estos pacientes a largo plazo es escasa. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la calidad de vida obtenida en el postoperatorio temprano posterior a la cirugía de contorno corporal se mantiene a largo plazo. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio de cohorte prospectiva compuesta por pacientes postoperados de cirugía de contorno corporal con más de un año de seguimiento. La calidad de vida fue medida con el instrumento Body-Qol®. Se compararon los puntajes preoperatorios, postoperatorios tempranos y postoperatorios tardíos. Se realizó el análisis estadístico con las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Resultados: La cohorte se compuso de 112 pacientes con un seguimiento a largo plazo del 75%. En toda la cohorte la calidad de vida mejoró entre el preoperatorio (43,9 ± 14,1 puntos) y ambas mediciones postoperatorias (85,2 ± 16,8 postoperatorio temprano y 83,6 ± 13,5 postoperatorio tardío), siendo estadísticamente significativo (p < 0,0001). Entre el postoperatorio temprano y tardío no existió diferencia (p = 0,112). El análisis por dominios demostró la misma tendencia. Los pacientes con pérdida masiva de peso tuvieron puntajes preoperatorios menores, pero igualaron a la población estética en ambas mediciones postoperatorias. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida mejora significativamente posterior a la cirugía de contorno corporal de forma temprana, y esta mejoría es estable en el tiempo. Esto se observa tanto en los pacientes estéticos como en los posteriores a la pérdida masiva de peso.

Introduction: One of the most important outcomes in patients undergoing body-contouring surgery is quality of life. Data on long-term quality of life is deficient. The main purpose of this study is to determine if short-term QoL after body contouring surgery maintains in the long-term follow up. Methods: A cohort study was designed; patients with at least one-year follow-up from the surgery were included. Quality of life was measured with the Body-Qol© instrument. All patients answered the preoperative Body-Qol© and at least one measurement after one year of follow-up from body contouring surgery. The preoperative scores, short-term scores and long-term follow-up scores were compared. The statistical analysis was made with Kruskal-Wallis y Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Results: The cohort was integrated by 112 patients; the long-term follow-up was of 75%. Quality of life improved between the preoperative measure (43.9 ± 14.1 points) and both short-term and long-term measures (85.2 ± 16.8 early postoperative y 83.6 ± 13.5 late postoperative), which was statistically significant (P< .0001). There was no difference between the short-term and long-term measures (P = .112). The domain analysis demonstrated the same tendency. Massive weight loss patients had lower preoperative scores but improved more after BCS, reaching almost cosmetic values. Conclusions: Quality of life improves soon after surgery and is stable over time. This was observed for both massive weight loss and cosmetic patients.

Cambios en la calidad de vida en mujeres sometidas a aumento mamario: resultados preliminares de un estudio de cohortes / Changes in quality of life in women subjected to augmentation mammoplasty: preliminary results of a cohort study

Objetivo Determinar los cambios en calidad de vida en mujeres sometidas a mamoplastia de aumento o mastopexia con prótesis, usando el instrumento validado Breast-Q®. Materiales y métodos Estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Se incluyeron todas las pacientes operadas de mamoplastia de aumento o mastopexia de aumento en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile entre octubre de 2013 y mayo de 2014. La calidad de vida (CdV) se midió con el instrumento validado Breast-Q®. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y analítica para evaluar el cambio global en CdV y por dominios considerando estadísticamente significativo un valor p < 0,05. Resultados En el periodo estudiado se operaron 58 pacientes, 33 (56,9%) completaron el instrumento Breast-Q® en el preoperatorio y 25 (75,7%) de ellas en el postoperatorio. La CdV subió de un 49,7% a un 82,5% (p < 0,001); analizando por dominio hubo mejoría en autoestima (52% a 88%, p < 0,001), autoimagen (22% a 80%, p < 0,001) y vida sexual (31% a 86%, p < 0,001). Los síntomas físicos empeoraron desde un 94% a 75% (p < 0,001). Conclusiones El aumento mamario mejora la CdV, específicamente la autoestima, la autoimagen y la vida sexual, pero las molestias físicas aumentan. La satisfacción global fue alta.

Objective To determine the changes in the quality of life of women subjected to augmentation mammoplasty or a prosthesis mastopexy, using the validated tool Breast-Q®. Materials and methods A prospective cohorts study was conducted that included operated on for augmentation mammoplasty or augmentation mastopexy in the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH) between October 2013 and May 2014. The quality of life (QoL) was measured using the Breast-Q® validated tool. Descriptive and analytic statistics were performed to evaluate the overall change in QoL and by domains, considering a p<.05 as statistically significant. Results A total of 58 patients were operated on, of whom 33 (56.9%) completed the Breast-Q® questionnaire before surgery, and 25 (75.7%) of them in the post-operative period. The quality of life increased from 49.7% to 82.5% (p<.001). When analysed by domain, there was an improvement in Self-esteem (52% to 88%, p<.001), Self-image (22% to 80%, p<.001) and Sex Life (31% to 86%, p<.001). The physical symptoms increased from 75% to 94% (p<.001). Conclusions Breast augmentation improves the quality of life, in particular, self-esteem, self-image, and sex life, but physical discomforts increased. The overall satisfaction was high.

Estrategias de reanimación facial: resultados preliminares de un estudio de cohorte / Results of a face reanimation protocol in patients with facial paralysis

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el protocolo de reanimación facial y determinar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la parálisis facial. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectiva con todos los pacientes que ingresaron en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH) y se sometieron al protocolo de reanimación facial, desde el año 2008 al 2014. Los resultados quirúrgicos se evaluaron según el protocolo de medición directa publicado por Mantkelow. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para caracterizar la muestra y analítica para determinar el cambio en la excursión de la comisura labial como indicador de movilidad facial. Resultados: Desde el año 2008 hasta la fecha se han intervenido 21 pacientes, de los cuales 6 han completado su protocolo de tratamiento y período de seguimiento. La edad promedio fue de 35 años, el seguimiento promedio alcanzó los 22 meses. La excursión de la comisura labial postoperatoria promedio alcanzó los 12,8 mm, lo que significa una mejoría significativa, con un promedio de 7 mm respecto al preoperatorio. La excursión postoperatoria promedio del labio superior fue de 5,9 mm, lo que también constituye una mejoría significativa respecto al preoperatorio. Conclusiones: Existe una mejoría significativa en la movilidad facial en los pacientes sometidos al protocolo de reanimación facial. Si bien estos cambios pueden parecer pequeños en magnitud, implican un cambio profundo en la calidad de vida. Con el fin de optimizar resultados resulta esencial una terapia de rehabilitación especializada, con terapias individualizadas.

Background: The deformity caused by facial paralysis has important functional and psychological consequences. Aim:To report a face reanimation protocol and the results of surgical treatment of facial paralysis.Materials and methods: Prospective intervention of 25 patients aged 8 to 79 years (13 males) with facial paralysis, between 2008 and 2014. Surgical results were evaluated using measurements according to Mantkelow protocol. Results: Patients were followed for 22 months. Postoperative excursion of the labial commissure reached 12.8 mm, which was 7 mm better than before surgery. The postoperative excursion of the upper lip was 5.9 cm, which also represented an improvement. Conclusions: There is a significant improvement in facial movements in these patients subjected to the face reanimation protocol. Although changes are of low magnitude, they have an impact in their quality.

Introducing the Body-QoL®: A New Patient-Reported Outcome Instrument for Measuring Body Satisfaction-Related Quality of Life in Aesthetic and Post-bariatric Body Contouring Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new patient-reported outcome instrument (PRO) to measure body-related satisfaction quality of life (QoL). METHODS: Standard 3-phase PRO design was followed; in the first phase, a qualitative design was used in 45 patients to develop a conceptual framework and to create preliminary scale domains and items. In phase 2, large-scale population testing on 1340 subjects was performed to reduce items and domains. In phase 3, final testing of the developed instrument on 34 patients was performed. Statistics used include Factor, RASCH, and multivariate regression analysis. Psychometric properties measured were internal reliability, item-rest, item-test, and test-retest correlations. RESULTS: The PRO-developed instrument is composed of four domains (satisfaction with the abdomen, sex life, self-esteem and social life, and physical symptoms) and 20 items in total. The score can range from 20 (worst) to 100 (best). Responsiveness was 100 %, internal reliability 93.3 %, and test-retest concordance 97.7 %. Body image-related QoL was superior in men than women (p < 0.001) and decreased with increasing age (p = 0.004) and BMI (p < 0.001). Post-bariatric body contouring patients score lower than cosmetic patients in all domains of the Body-QoL instrument (p < 0.001). After surgery, the score improves by on average 21.9 ± 16.9 (effect size 1.8, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Body satisfaction-related QoL can be measured reliably with the Body-QoL instrument. It can be used to quantify the improvement in cosmetic and post-bariatric patients including non- or minimally invasive procedures, suction assisted lipectomy, abdominoplasty, lipoabdominoplasty, and lower body lift and to give an evidence-based approach to standard practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

The Body-QoL(®): patient reported outcomes in body contouring surgery patients [corrected].

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to design a new patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument to measure patient satisfaction after body-contouring procedures such as liposculpture, abdominoplasty, body-lift, thigh-lift, and arm-lift. METHODS: Phase 1a involved an extensive literature review, 16 in-depth patient interviews, and expert focus groups with 5 plastic surgeons to develop a conceptual framework for the outcomes deemed important for body image and preliminary PRO instruments. In phase 1b, the preliminary instrument was tested with a second independent sample of 29 patients with whom simple interviews were additionally performed. In the second sample, scale reliability was calculated. RESULTS: In phase 1a, the domains identified for the conceptual framework included clothing and body image, sexual and affective life, self-image and self-esteem, social relationships, and physical symptoms. In phase 1b, the scale internal consistency was 91.5 %. CONCLUSIONS: When psychometric evaluation is completed, the Body-Shape-Related Quality of Life instrument and its subscales will provide a reliable tool for plastic surgeons, researchers, and patients to use in measuring the impact and effectiveness of body-contouring procedures from the patient's perspective. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 . This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-B.

Suction-assisted lipectomy fails to improve cardiovascular metabolic markers of disease: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether suction-assisted lipectomy (SAL) decreases the incidence of early cardiovascular disease risk factors or its biochemical and clinical risk indicators. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed by conducting a predefined, sensitive search in MEDLINE without limiting the year of publication or language. The extracted data included the basal characteristics of the patients, the surgical technique, the amount of fat extracted, the cardiovascular risk factors and the biochemical and clinical markers monitored over time. The data were analysed using pooled curves, risk ratios and standardised means with meta-analytical techniques. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were identified involving 357 patients. In all of the studies, measurements of predefined variables were recorded before and after the SAL procedure. The median follow-up was 3 months (interquartile range (IQR) 1-6, range 0.5-10.5). The mean amount of extracted fat ranged from 2063 to 16,300 ml, with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 6138 ± 4735 ml. After adjusting for time and body mass index (BMI), leptin and fasting insulin were the only markers that were significantly associated with the amount of aspirated fat. No associations were observed for high sensitive C-reactive protein (hCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Homeostasis Model of Assessment (HOMA), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, free fatty acids or systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of our analysis, we conclude that there is no evidence to support the hypothesis that subcutaneous fat removal reduces early cardiovascular or metabolic disease, its markers or its risk factors.

Vascular diameter determining the magnification for a microvascular anastomosis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between vascular diameters and amount of magnification and to assess the influence of the magnification media on the microanastomosis quality and permeability. Sixty arterial microanostomoses were distributed into three groups: group I (diameter 1.5 mm), group II (1.5 to 2.5 mm), and group III (> 2.5 mm). The models used were carotid artery of Sprague-Dawley rats and carotid and abdominal artery of wild rabbits. In each group, 10 anastomoses were performed with 2.5 x loupes and 10 with 10 x microscope. The total time of anastomosis, the quality of the anastomosis (Gorman scale), and 24-hour permeability rate were measured. The total anastomotic time and quality had statistical differences for the microscope by analyzing the total sample and group I only. The global permeability was 83% for the microscope and 40% for the loupe. The same result was observed in group I but no differences were observed in the other groups. The histology and the survey showed similar results. Microanastomoses performed under a microscope (10 x) were performed in less time, were of better quality, and had higher permeability rates when compared with those performed under a loupe (2.5 x). In vessels < 1.5 mm, these differences were statistically significant but in vessels > 1.5 mm no differences were observed.